About Islam
In Islam Jesus Christ or Prophet Isa, (pbuh) is revered as a mighty prophet of Allah, born to the Virgin Mary by the will of Allah, without a father. No Muslim can complete their faith without accepting Isa, (pbuh) as a prophet of Allah and completely believing in his miraculous birth. The parrel of Jesus's miraculous birth is with the creation of Adam as Allah created him without a father or mother.
The Quran emphasizes that Jesus was a great prophet of Allah and a messenger who received revelation and guidance from Him, but that he was, like all other prophets, only a human being. Allah in His divine transcendence is incomparable to His creation in every aspect, and therefore He does not procreate, even metaphorically.
"The Messiah, son of Mary, was no more than a messenger. Many messengers had come and gone before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They both ate food. See how We make the signs clear to them, yet see how they are deluded from the truth!" (Holy Quran, 5:75)
Muslims believe that Maryum or Lady Mary is the Virgin Mother of prophet Isa (Jesus), (pbuh) who conceived him miraculously without a father. A chapter of the Holy Quran is named after her that emphasizes her piety and righteousness and her status as an exemplar for all people. The Quran also describes her as the greatest of all women:
"And when the angels said, "O Mary, indeed Allāh has chosen you and purified you and chosen you above the women of the worlds. (Holy Quran, 3:42)
Thus, both Isa and his mother Maryum, peace and mercy be upon both, are highly respected and held in high esteem by all Muslim. But no Muslim ever ascribe any form of divinity to either of them as divinity belongs only to Allah the Almighty, the only God.
No. Muslim believe in the virgin birth of Jesus as the Holy Quran acknowledges Mary was a virgin but it does not say that Jesus was Son of God. Instead, it says:
"She said, "My Lord, how will I have a child when no man has touched me?" said, "Such is Allāh; He creates what He wills. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is." (Holy Quran, 3:47)
Muslims include Jesus in the group of five mightiest prophets, besides Noah, Abraham, Moses and Muhammad, peace be upon them all and also believe that Jesus' despite being a mighty prophet was just like the other prophets, a mere limited human being.
Allah reveals in The Holy Quran:
"O People of the Scripture do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allāh except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allāh and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allāh and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allāh is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allāh as Disposer of affairs." (Holy Quran, 4:171)
Therefore, Muslims also do not believe in Trinity either.
No. Muslims believe that Allah spared Isa, (pbuh) from the humiliation of the cross and raised him to Himself, so he was not crucified nor was killed.
In the Holy Quran Allah informs:
"and for boasting, "We killed the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, the messenger of Allah." But they neither killed nor crucified him—it was only made to appear so. Even those who argue for this crucifixion are in doubt. They have no knowledge whatsoever—only making assumptions. They certainly did not kill him. Rather, Allah raised him up to Himself. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise." (Holy Quran, 4:157-158)
The Holy Quran did not clarify how exactly it was "made to appear so" but explicitly confirms Jesus neither crucified nor killed. The popular belief among Muslims is that a conspiracy was made to kill Jesus, Allah made the main culprit who betrayed Jesus look exactly like Jesus, then he was crucified in Jesus' place. This is called "Replacement Theory" and major candidates as replacement of Jesus are Judas Iscariot, Jesus Barabbas, and Simon the bearer of the cross; all of these are under immense disagreement of the scholars and historians.
There have also been a lot of urban legends about it; another of which is known as "Swoon Theory". Some Muslims and even Cristian scholars argue Jesus was simply in a type of coma when he was removed from the cross. Biblical scholar Karl Bahrdt thought Jesus merely fainted on the cross, not that he died. However, this is not inline to Quranic narrative as Holy Quran deny Jesus was actually crucified. Some of the non-canonical gospel confirm that Jesus was not crucified.
Since the Muslims do not believe in the crucifixion and death of Jesus, there is no question of his resurrection. Muslims believe Allah raised Jesus alive to the haven and he will return to this world again before the end of time to complete his human life and die a natural death. A burial place is said to have dedicated for Jesus after his death next to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Muslims don't believe in the Trinity. Islam is strict and pure monotheism. There is no room for ascribing a partner or a child to Allah. There is no concept of divine saints in Islam either. The Holy Quran Allah mentions this repeatedly:
"O People of the Scripture do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allāh except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allāh and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allāh and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allāh is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allāh as Disposer of affairs." (Holy Quran, 4:171)
"The Messiah, son of Mary, was no more than a messenger. Many messengers had come and gone before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They both ate food. See how We make the signs clear to them, yet see how they are deluded from the truth!" (Holy Quran, 5:75)
"and to warn those who claim, "Allah has offspring." They have no knowledge of this, nor did their forefathers. What a terrible claim that comes out of their mouths! They say nothing but lies." (Holy Quran, 18:4-5)
"He has never had offspring, nor was He born." (Holy Quran, 112:3)